🧮 Vesting Calculation

How to Calculate Vested Stock Options
A Step-by-Step Walkthrough

Four inputs, two steps, one number. The formula is simpler than the equity-portal dashboard suggests — and learning it once means you can sanity-check Carta, model a job change, or decide whether to wait a month before quitting.

What you need from your grant agreement

Pull these four numbers from your grant. They're on the first or second page of the option agreement and mirrored in your equity portal.

The four inputs

  • Grant date: the calendar date your options were granted. The vesting clock starts here, not on your hire date.
  • Total shares granted: the full size of the grant, before any vesting.
  • Cliff length: usually 12 months. Until the cliff date, 0 shares are vested.
  • Post-cliff frequency: monthly or quarterly. This determines the tranche size.

The formula in two cases

The first case is the most common — 4-year vesting with a 1-year cliff, monthly post-cliff.

Before the cliff date

Vested = 0

On or after the cliff date

Vested = (Total ÷ 4) + (months since cliff × Total ÷ 48)

For quarterly post-cliff vesting, swap the second term: each completed quarter past the cliff adds (Total ÷ 16) shares.

Quarterly post-cliff

Vested = (Total ÷ 4) + (quarters since cliff × Total ÷ 16)

A worked example

Imagine a 10,000-share grant. Grant date is January 15, 2025. Standard 4-year schedule, 1-year cliff, monthly vesting after. You want to know how many shares are vested as of November 1, 2026.

1
Find the cliff date

Grant date + 12 months = January 15, 2026. Before that date, 0 vested.

2
Cliff vests 25% in one chunk

On January 15, 2026, 2,500 shares vest. (10,000 ÷ 4 = 2,500.)

3
Count months from cliff to today

January 15, 2026 to November 1, 2026 is roughly 9 full months. Since most schedules vest on the 15th of each month, count complete monthly anniversaries: Feb 15, Mar 15, Apr 15, May 15, Jun 15, Jul 15, Aug 15, Sep 15, Oct 15. That's 9 monthly vest events.

4
Add the post-cliff tranches

Each monthly tranche is 10,000 ÷ 48 ≈ 208.33 shares. Companies typically round; let's call it 208 per month. 9 × 208 = 1,872 shares.

5
Sum it up

Total vested as of November 1, 2026: 2,500 + 1,872 = 4,372 shares. Roughly 44% of the grant.

Common gotchas that throw the number off

Where the math goes sideways

  • Counting the cliff month twice: the cliff date counts as month 12, not month 12 plus a monthly tranche. Don't double-count.
  • Rounding direction: some companies round each monthly tranche, some accumulate exact fractions and round only at the end. Check your grant agreement's wording.
  • Multiple grants: each grant runs on its own schedule. A refresher grant from 2 years after the original has its own cliff and its own monthly cadence.
  • Hire date vs grant date: these are sometimes different. Vesting always starts from the grant date, which may be your start date or could be a board-approval date weeks later.
  • Non-standard schedules: back-loaded (Amazon-style) or performance-vesting grants don't follow the 25%/cliff pattern. Use the percentages defined in the agreement.

Cross-check your math against the source of truth

Your equity portal — Carta, Shareworks, Pulley, AngelList Stack, Solium, Equity Edge — shows your vested count daily. Compare your hand calculation to what the portal shows. If they disagree by more than rounding, dig into why before acting on either number.

Your original grant agreement is the legal source of truth. The portal is a display layer built on top. In a rare dispute, the agreement wins.

See how a 4-year cliff schedule works for the structural background, or the difference between vested vs exercised vs owned before you act on the number you've just calculated.

Calculating is reactive. Reminders make it proactive.

Doing the math on a Tuesday afternoon when you happen to remember is useful. But each actual vest event is a moment to make a decision, and those slide past without warning. Set a reminder for each one — or at least each anniversary — and the math becomes part of a workflow instead of a one-off curiosity.

See the full stock options vesting reminder workflow.

Set a reminder for your next vest date.

Create a Reminder

Done in seconds. No sign-up required.

Common questions about calculating vested options

How do I calculate vested stock options?

You need four numbers: grant date, total shares granted, cliff length, and vesting frequency (monthly or quarterly). Before the cliff, vested = 0. On the cliff date, 25% vests. After that, add one tranche (1/48 for monthly, 1/16 for quarterly) for each elapsed period since the cliff.

What's the formula for monthly vesting after a 1-year cliff?

Cumulative vested = 25% + (months since cliff × 1/48 × total shares). For example, 18 months after a 10,000-share grant's start date — that's 6 months past the 1-year cliff — you have 2,500 + (6 × 208) = 3,748 shares vested.

How does quarterly vesting math differ from monthly?

After the cliff, each quarterly tranche is 1/16 of the total grant (vs 1/48 for monthly). Quarterly events are larger but less frequent. Use the same approach: 25% at the cliff, then add 1/16 for each completed quarter since the cliff.

Where can I find my vesting schedule to double-check?

Your equity portal — Carta, Shareworks, Pulley, AngelList Stack — shows the schedule and your current vested count. Your original grant agreement is the legal source of truth. If they disagree, the grant agreement wins.

Are vested shares prorated for partial months?

Usually no — vesting fires on specific anniversary dates, not continuously. Most schedules round to the vest event before the date you're checking. A few companies prorate for unusual cases (acquisitions, certain terminations), but the default is "what's vested as of the last completed event."

What does "40% vested" or "60% vested" mean?

It's the cumulative percentage of your total grant that has vested as of a given date. 40% vested on a 10,000-share grant means 4,000 shares have vested. The remaining 6,000 are still unvested and tied to your continued employment.

Does the calculator change if I have a refresher grant?

Each grant has its own clock — its own grant date, cliff, and schedule. Refresher grants don't add to the original grant; they run in parallel. Calculate each separately, then sum the vested counts. This is why people with multiple grants often miss tranches: each one is on a different cadence.

Know What You've Earned, On Every Vest Date

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